Control options for Neospora caninum infections in cattle--current state of knowledge.

This article reviews control options for Neospora caninum infection and abortion in cattle, drawing on published literature and the authors' own research in this field. Apart from the successful use of embryo transfer to prevent congenital infection in calves born to infected cows, there are currently no accepted control methods for the prevention of abortions in cattle. The epidemiological data at hand suggest that concomitant infections with bovine pestivirus increase the risk of abortion significantly and that these infections, for which effective vaccines exist, should therefore be controlled. While vertical transmission appears to be the major route of infection in cattle, there is also a role for postnatal transmission, involving a definitive host. Presently, the control of dogs and their access to bovine tissues, particularly potentially infected placentae and other foetal tissues, appear to be the most prudent control methods. There are some indications that vaccination against N. caninum may aid in the prevention of abortions. Suggestions for control options are limited by our current lack of actual experiences with control strategies. Further practical fieldwork is needed in this area.